初中定语从句的考点讲解和训练
【考点扫描】
中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
1． 定语从句的功用和结构
2． 关系代词和关系副词的功用
3． 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。
【精讲】
一. 定语从句的功用和结构
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?
I still remember the night when I first came to the village?
This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.
二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用
关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。
1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：
I don’t like people who talk much but do little.
The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.
2. 作宾语：
She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.
The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.
3. 作定语
关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：
What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?
The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.
4. 作状语
I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.
This is the house where I was born.
三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法
1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
The person who broke the window must pay for it.
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：
Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？
Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：
I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.
7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.
四. 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room
which we had lived in for ten years.
五. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词级或被形容词级修饰的词。
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
He talked about the people and the things he remembered.
2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：
(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：
The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
【中考范例】
1. (2004年哈尔滨中考试题)
---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?
---Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
2. (2004年常州市中考试题)
The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。
3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)
---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?
---He has gone back to Qinghua University.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
4. (2004年益阳市中考试题)
I hate people _______ talk much but do little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。
【满分演练】
一. 单项填空
1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?
---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.
A. which B. when C. who D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
A. when B. where C. that D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.
A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句
1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.
3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.
4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.
6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.
7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.
9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.
10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.
三. 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.
6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.
8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.
9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
【练习答案】
一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B
二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.
2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.
3. Beijing Hotel where the foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.
4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.
5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.
6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.
7. The man who waved us was my uncle.
8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.
9. The subject I prefer is science.
10.The man I spoke to is a professor.
三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when
经典初中定语从句语法讲解
这篇关于经典初中定语从句语法讲解，是 考 网特地为大家整理的，希望对大家有所帮助！
(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that, which, who, whose, when, where, why)。先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides, exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a common theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.
(二)定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句:
限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限定性定语从句:对先行词进行补充说明,解释,它与先行词之间有逗号隔开。
1. Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
2. Tree after tree went down, cut down by the water, which must have been three meters deep.
3. Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all cold and wet, started crying.
4. Their talk includes rhythm and rhyming words as well as tongue twisters, which often make the audience applaud.
(三)关系词前面可以根据定语从句的内容加上一些介词,这些关系词在介词后面常用which 或whom.
1. There was a man with whom I would have to work together and finally the manager of the company.
2. Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.
知识重点与难点
(一)当先行词有级,序数词修饰,是不定代词,或是all, no, only等形式时,关系代词一般用that,而不能用which。
1. The Titanic was the largest ship that had ever been built at that time.
2. There is one thing that keeps worrying me.
(二)当先行词是表示时间,地点,原因的词时,关系词用when, where, why 还有which, that
1. I'm very glad to return to my hometown where I had lived for 10 years.
2. This is my hometown which I used to talk about to you.
3. I think I can understand the reason why he didn't tell the truth to me.
4. No one believes the reason that he gave us about his absence at the meeting.
(三)定语从句的简化表达:
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明:以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来:
1. The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
说明:修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外,还可以用非谓语动词形式:doing短语,done短语,being done短语,to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下:
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语: 正在做….的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语: 被…..的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语:正在被…..的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语:将要被…..的人/事
(1)Do you know the man talking to my sister ?
(2)The "crazy" gesture, moving the index finger in a circle in front of the ear, means "you have a phone call" in Brazil.
(3)Did you see that car being repaired ?
(4)In a camera, the lens must be focused on the object to be photographed.
(5)The students to attend the meeting will arrive here tomorrow.
(7)The Yellow River, said to be "the mother river" runs across China like a huge dragon.
总结:以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词,不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个V-ing或V-ed形式作定语,则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时,其动作应与全句动作同时发生。V-ing表示主动意义和正在做,V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的
3. 不定式作定语表示将要发生的,to be done表示将要被做的
初中英语语法定语从句
要学定语从句，得知道什么是定语。定语是用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。例如，a good book, good就是定语。那么复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句就叫做定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，相当于形容词，在句中作定语。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等，绝对没有what;关系副词有where, when, why,how等。关系词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的某个成分。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、由who, whom, that，Whose引导的从句 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who作主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略)，可以指人也可以指物。Whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。 (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3) The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 (4) he man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。 2、由which, that引导的从句 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略，例如： (1) Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语) (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语) 注意： 代表物时多用which，但在下列情况中用that而不用which： a)先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时; b)先行词由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时，这时的that常被省略; c)先行词前有序数词或被形容词最高级修饰时; d)先行词中既有人又有物时; e)整个句中前面已有which，who,that时; f)当先行词为物并作表语时; g)先行词为one时; h)先行词同时又被the only,the very,the same修饰时; 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 1、when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 I still remember the day when I first came to the school. 2、where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 3、why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 ，用在reason 后面。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 常见考法 对于定语从句的考查，多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下，常从关系词的意义和功能的角度考查，重点是that,which,who引导的定语从句。 典型例题：You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it. A. who B. whom C. whom D. who 解析：先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略. 答案：D 误区提醒 当表示时间或地点的名词作先行词时，要判断出它们在从句中作状语还是主语或宾语。作状语时用关系副词，反之用关系代词。 典型例题：I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 解析：. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句. 答案：A 上述是对定语从句的详细讲解，有不懂得可以参考等更多相关知识的学习! 初中英语语法大全：动词的种类 关于英语中动词的种类知识，希望同学们很好的掌握下面的内容学习。 动词的种类 动词是表示动作或状态的词，按其词义和在句子中的作用可分为行为动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。 1.行为动词 行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi)，及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能单独作谓语，但后面不能直接跟宾语，如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语。 如： More and more people study English.(vt) The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi) 2.连系动词 连系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。 如： Our country is becoming stronger and stronger. It feels damp. 3.助动词 助动词本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词，表示否定，疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征，助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等。 如： How do you usually come to school? The children are playing yo-yo now. 4.情态动词 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。 如： Can I help you?
初三英语定语从句
一．定义： 在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 二．特点： 1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 2. 关联词： 1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。 2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。 关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。 三．基本结构： 先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分 四．关系代词的用法： 1. that 和which that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。 Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。 His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday? The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. 注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that) 2.只能用that不能用which引导的.定语从句： 1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard. 2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”. 3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。 It is the only word (that) I know in the passage. Where is the very book (that) I bought just now? This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost. 4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用that I want everything (that) I want. I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week. 5)先行词被不定代词all, any, no, every, little, much, many修饰时，只能用that Here is all the money (that) I have. 6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room. 7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导 Is it the one（that）you want？ 8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句 Who is the girl that won the first place? 3. who和whom who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。 Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。 Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to? The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous. =The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous. 五.关系副词的用法： 1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3.why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词. We don’t know the reason why he was late for school. 一．单项选择 1. This is the bag _____ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _____ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3. The girl _____ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as 4. Is this the factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 5. Is this factory _____ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. / 6. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it 7. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 8. _____ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 9. Please show me the book _____ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this 10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. / 11. This is the only article of these that _____ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are 12. The man _____ was here just now is a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he 13. The boy _____ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door 14. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 15. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been _____. A. /, to B. that, / C. where, to D. which, there 16. He is the most careful boy _____ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. / 17. This is the school _____ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where D. there 18. Have you visited the house _____ the famous scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which 19. The factory _____ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which 20. Do you still remember the day _____ we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that 21. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958. A. when B. where C. which D. that 22. October 1, 1949 is the day _____ we’ll never forget. A. when B. that C. where D. in which 23. October 1, 1949 was the day _____ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which 24. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what 25. Is this museum _____ they visited last month? A. that B. which C. where D. the one 26. I still remember the sitting-room _____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where 27. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home? A. what B. why C. that D. which 28. It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years. A. that has been held B. which has been held C. that have been held D. which have held 29. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in the front of which 30. I’ll never forget the day ___ I joined the League. A. on which B. which C. in which D. at which 31. She showed her new watch to my wife, ___ was kept in a box. A. who B. which C. that D. it 32. She had three sons, all ___ became doctors. A. who B. whom C. of them D. of whom 33. This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics. A. that B. what C. which D. whose 34. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world. A. It B. That C. As D. Which 35. Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiment centuries ago? A. that B. where C. which D. when 二．将下列两句话合并成一句. 1. I can’t find the book.. I bought a book yesterday. ______________________________________________________________ 2. The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage. ______________________________________________________________ 3. The West Lake lies in Hangzhou. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China. ______________________________________________________________ 4. I don’t know that boy. The boy is in blue shirt. ______________________________________________________________ 5. My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music. ______________________________________________________________ 6. The cat is mine. The cat is playing with a ball. ______________________________________________________________ 答案： 一） 1-5 A C A B A 6-10 B B C A D 11-15 A B D D A 16-20 D C A B B 21-25 D B B A D 26-30 D C C C A 31-35 B D D C B （二） 1. I can’t find the book that/which/ / I bought yesterday. 2. The girl who/that is standing on the stage is my sister. 3. The West Lake is one of the most famous lakes in China that lies in Hangzhou. 4. I don’t know the boy who/that is in blue shirt. 5. My brother likes the singers who/that write their own music. 6. The cat which/that is playing with a ball is mine.