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宾语从句的用法

时间:2024-09-24 14:24:13 编辑:阿旭

关于英语宾语从句的语法知识有哪些?

宾语从句(The Object Clause)在复合句中作主句的宾语.宾语从句通常由下面一些词引导.
  1、由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish ,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear ,feel等后.连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做任何成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好.
  例:I told him that he was wrong.
  2、 由wh-引导的宾语从句,连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how 等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分.
  例:Do you know which film they are talking about?(which做定语)
 I don’t know where he lives.(where 做地点状语)
3、 由连词whether 或 if 引导(一般情况下两者可替换,口语中常用if).
我们应注意的几个问题:
  1、 宾语从句的语序.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
  例:I believe that they will e soon.
  He asked me whether I was a teacher.
  They wanted to know what they can do for us.
2、 宾语从句的时态
  1)宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,主句用一般现在时,从句也用现在时态.
  如:He says Mary is playing with the cat .
  He says Mary often plays with the cat.
  2) 主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态.如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态.
He said Mary was playing with the cat.
  He said he hoped to be back soon..
  3) 当从句所表示的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句都用一般现在时.
  如:He said light travels much faster than sound.
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
  3、 宾语从句中的否定转移.如果主句谓语动词是think ,believe suppose 等,而从句的意思是否定的,这时主句的谓语动词用否定式,从句用肯定式.如:
  I don’t think you are right.我认为你不对.
  4、 将特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序.
  When will the meeting begin?-------I want to know when the meeting will begin.
  5、 将一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,则用if /whether连接,同时变成陈述句语序,同时注意人称的变化.
  Are you an English teacher -------He asked if I was an English teacher.
  注意:由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句.Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if 可以替换.但在下列情况下只能用whether,不能用if
  1) 介词后的宾语从句 I’m thinking about whether we should go fishing.
  2) 宾语从句提前时 Whether this is true or not,I can’t say.
  3) 宾语从句中有or not时 I don’t know whether or not he was ready.
  4) 和动词不定式连用作宾语时 She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.
  当" if "引导条件状语从句,(主句是将来时,那么从句就用现在时;主句是过去时,从句则用过去完成时).
 例 I don’t know whether he will e.If he es ,I will tell you.


宾语从句用法总结

一、定义宾语从句是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。因此,有人把宾语从句分为动词后的宾语从句、介词后的宾语从句和形容词后的宾语从句。如:动词后:I don't know when he came back.介词后:I'm thinking about who is the right person for the position.形容词后:He's sure she will win the game.二、引导词能够引导宾语从句的词语主要有:that/if/whetherwho/whom/whose/which及其-ever结构how/why/when/where及其-ever结构what(一)that引导的宾语从句that引导宾语从句时,就是起着连接作用,不在从句中作成分。如:I think that it's very interesting to experience a different culture.He didn't know that he had been to the lecture last night.此时的that经常被省略,所以上面两句可以改为:I think it's very interesting to experience a different culture.He didn't know he had been to the lecture last night.需要注意的是,也有that不可省略的情况,常见的有:1、that作learn、suggest、explain、agree、wonder、prove、mean、state、feel、hold等动词的宾语时。如:She explains that Jack did do the job by himself yesterday.2、一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略。如:She thinks (that) we did a good job and that things will get better soon.3、宾语从句中的主语是指示代词this/that/those/these做主语的定语时。如:We're glad that this book helps you a lot in your research.4、宾语从句是双宾(直接引语和间接引语)中的直接宾语时。如:He told me that he really liked my lessons.5、当宾语从句前置时。如:That he is sure to help, I believe.6、当it作形式宾语时。如:She made it clear that he was the one who was in charge of the company.(二)if/whether引导的宾语从句当宾语从句要表达“是否”的含义时,连接词语就用if/whether,其主句的谓语动词往往是know、ask、care、wonder、find out等词。如:He didn't know if/whether she would attend the meeting tomorrow.注意以下情况一般都用whether,不用if:1、介词后的宾语从句一般不用if。如:She's very curious about whether he is a teacher.2、在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:I don't know whether/if he comes from England or not.3、宾语从句置于句首时,不能用if。如:Whether the book is hers or not, he's not sure.4、当用if会引起歧义时,则须使用whether。如:Please tell me if you like the job.上面的句子有两种可能的含义,即:1)If you like the job, please tell me.2) Please tell me if you like the job or not.所以,如果是要表达第2)的含义,为了避免歧义,就要采用whether,即:Please tell me whether you like the job.(三)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句这种情况下的连接词有两大类:一类是代词,如who/whom/whose及其-ever结构,还有一类是副词,如how/why/when/where及其-ever结构。如:He wanted to know who had broken the window.The school will punish whoever breaks the rules.The teacher told us why it was wrong to tell lies.They told me when the accident had happened.(四)what引导的宾语从句what引导宾语从句时,既起着连接作用,又在从句中充当主语和宾语等成分。如:主语:We really wonder what matters most to him.宾语:I hope to find out what he's interested in.

初中英语宾语从句用法详解

宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。本文整理了宾语从句用法,欢迎阅读。 宾语从句用法 一、宾语从句的连接词: 1、连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。 eg. He knew (that) he should work hard. 2、连词if 、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。 eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present. He asked me whether or not I was coming. 一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether: ①在不定式前:Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided. ②在介词前:It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain. ③与or not连用:They are talking about whether to go there or not. 3、连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,连接副词when, where, why, how, 它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in. I wonder where he got so much money. 【注意】1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。 eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents. 2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型. 二、宾语从句的语序: 宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调:它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。 Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳) Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √) The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分) 陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are. 三、宾语从句的时态呼应: 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态,常常受到主句谓语时态的制约,此为时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语的时态不受限制;如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时,从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。 eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳) I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √) 【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时,不管主句谓语的时态如何,从句都用一般现在时。 eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. 四、其他需要说明的问题: 1、标点由主句决定,如主句是陈述句、祈使句,则用句号;是疑问句则用问号。 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take? 2、要注意个别句子中主从句人称的一致。 五、宾语从句和状语从句的区分: eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine. 2) I don’t know if the train has arrived. 句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好,我就出去。句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。 判断方法: 1、可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(个别除外),宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。 2、从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether, 词义为“是否”,充当状语从句的连接词时,词义为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”,充当状语从句的连接词时,意为“当……的时候”。 3、从时态看。if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if和when充当从属连词时,引导条件和时间状语从句,若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。 注意 if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当……时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如: —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗? —Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。 —I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他会来的。 初中英语宾语从句知识点常见考法 对于宾语从句的考查,多以单选的形式考查学生灵活运用的能力。一般情况下,常从引导词的选择、时态的一致性及从句的陈述语序方面考查。 典型例题:Please tell me ______ last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C .where your sister works D where your sister worked 解析:本题考查对宾语从句的掌握。宾语从句要用陈述语序,所以排除A和 B;last year 表示过去时 ,所以排除 C 。 答案:D 误区提醒 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 ,但要注意当疑问词为主语时,句式为:疑问词+谓语+其他 ,问句和陈述句语序一样。 典型例题:I didn't know ? A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her 解析:主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态,所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中,what作主语,所以问句本身又是陈述句语序,不用变化。 答案: B 以上就是我整理的宾语从句用法,感谢阅读。

初中英语语法:宾语从句

考察的三个要点:语序,时态,关联词。
1.定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
2.构成:关联词+简单句。
3宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序。(who 作主语的从句本身就是陈述句语序)
4宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,连接宾语从句的连词有that(that在口语中常省略)。 whether,if,和连接代词what, which, who, whom及连接副词when, where, how, why。
He knew(that) he should study hard.
他知道他应该努力学习。
Can you tell me which class you are in?
您能告诉我,您在哪一班吗?
He asked me if he could come in,
他问我他是否能进来。

5.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:
(1)从属连词that.如:一般那情况下可以省略。
He told us that he felt ill.
I know he has returned.
  注: that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。
  1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略。)
  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.
(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略。)
 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)
  我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。
 (2)从属连词if/whether.如:
I doubt whether he will succeed.
I don’t know if you can help me.
(3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,
whichever
  连接副词 where,when,how,why.
 Who or what he was,Martin never learned.
 I wonder what he’s writing to me about.
I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.


宾语从句用法总结

宾语从句的连接词是that、whether、if,陈述语序结构是主语+谓语+宾语,主句为现在时,从句为任意时态。 宾语从句用法 语序为v.+主语+谓语+由if、whether引导宾语从句。 1.从属连词 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,和疑问词(what,how,where,when...)。 that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句, if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。 2.连接代词 连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。 连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。 3.连接副词 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。 例句:He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。 注:宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。 宾语从句顺口溜 宾语从句三姊妹,that,if/whether,wh-/how展风采。 展风采有三关,引导词、语序、时态在把关。 主从时态要一致,陈述语序永不变。 陈述请你选that,疑问需用if/whether连。 特殊问句作宾从,原来问词不用换。 三关过后莫得意,人称、标点需注意。 留意变脸的if/when,从句的简化记心间。

宾语从句用法总结有哪些

1、宾语从句的常用用法归纳的介绍 宾语从句的常用用法包括使用that引导的陈述句,例如We knew (that) we should learn from each other,使用if和whether引导一般疑问句,例如Please tell me if。直接引语变成宾语从句是直接引用别人说过的话,间接引语是转达别人说过的话。 2、 宾语从句用法归纳 1.宾语从句概说 宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if) 以及连接代词或连接副词引导。宾语从句的词序要用陈述句词序,不能用疑问句词序: 我不知道他想要什么。 误: I don't know what does he want. 正: I don't know what he wants. 2. 宾语从句的引导词 (1) 用 that 引导。 that 只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略: We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。 He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。 I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。 (2) 用 if 或 whether 引导。 if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示 “ 是否 ” : I don't know if [whether] he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。 She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她问那是否够了。 I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。 (3) 用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有 what, who, whom, which, whose 等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序: Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。 She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。 Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包 【注】 what 引导宾语从句时,有时表示 “ 什么 ” ,有时表示 “… 所 … 的 ” 。比较: I asked what he needed. 你问他需要什么。 I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。 (4) 用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有 when, how, where, why 等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序: He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。 Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样? I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。 He didn't say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。 3. 宾语从句与形式宾语 it 当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语 it ,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末: I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。 He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。 4. 宾语从句与否定转移 当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语: I don't think that he will leave. 我认为他不会离开。 I don't believe that it is easy. 我相信这不会容易。 引用地址: ;