高一英语语法总结
高一英语语法总结 1 一般现在时 用动词原形 2 一般过去时 用动词过去时 3 现在进行时 be + ving 4 过去进行时 was/were + ving 5 一般将来时 will + 动词原形 或 be going to +动词原形 6 过去将来时 would + 动词原形 或 was/were going to +动词原形 7 现在完成时 have/has + v过去分词 8 过去完成时 had + v过去分词 9 现在完成进行时 have/has been + ving 10 过去完成进行时 had been + ving 11 一般将来进行时 will be + ving 12 过去将来进行时 would be + ving 13 将来完成时 will have + v过去分词 14 过去将来完成时 would have + v过去分词 15 将来完成进行时 will have been + ving 16 过去将来完成进行时 would have been + ving 例句： 1．I do it every day. （我每天做这样的事。） 2．I did it yesterday. （昨天我做了这件事。） 3．I shall/will do it tomorrow. （明天我要做这件事。） 4．I am doing it now. （现在我正在做这件事。） 5．I was doing it at that time. （当时我正在做这件事。） 6．I shall/will be doing it at 9：00 tomorrow morning. （明天早晨九时我会正在做这件事。） 7．I have done it already. （我已把这件事做好了。） 8．I have done it before I went home yesterday. （昨天我在回家之前就把那件工作做完了。） 9．I shall/will have done it before you come back tomorrow. （明天在我回来之前我会把这件工作做好。） 10．I have been doing it for two days. （这件工作我已做了两天了。——说话时工作尚未做完，所以还得继续做。） 11．I had been doing the work for two hours when the teacher came. （老师来时那件工作我已做了两小时了。——当时工作尚未完成，所以老师来了我还继续在做。） 12．I shall/will have been doing it for an hour when you come to see me at 9：00 tomorrow morning. （明天早上九时你来看我时，我会在做那件工作做了一小时。——当然尚未能做完，还得继续做下去。） ;
高中的英语语法总结
高中的英语语法总结 “语法是语言的法则。”英语语法是英国语言的实际用法，是通过语法家的调查研究、分析、综合而总结出来的，不是凭空臆造出来的。任何人使用英语，不管他是否学过语法，都必须依照语法。举个极简单的例子说，任何人写或讲“My mother studies English．”这一句，决不可把My改作I或Me，也不可把studies改作study或studys，也不可在English前面加上the。至于他是否知道possessive（所有格），indicative（直陈语言），third person（第三人称），article（冠词）等名称，那是另一问题。 我国的英语学习者大多是十多岁的青少年，或者理解力较强，或者模仿力较强，在没有英语环境的情况下，学习语法，了解所学语言的规则，可以缩短学习过程，掌握英语的规律，尽快提高听、说、读、写、译的能力。 那么，怎样学习语法呢？下面拟从四个方面简要谈一谈： （1）练好基本句型 我国近年来的英语教学实践证明：在初学阶段，采用听说领先、学习基本句型的方法去学习英语语法，是行之有效的。 句型学习是通过听说领先的方法去学习传统语法里最常用的语法项目（把它们变为句型去操练）。句型训练实际上吸取了传统语法与结构语法两派的长处。目前国内的英语广播（电视）教学，在入门阶段，多采用句型教学法。因此学生们或者收听广播（收看电视）进行学习，或者根据所选用的课本提供的句型用替换词进行替换练习。所学的句型应该是由浅入深，由简到繁；讲求熟练掌握，不要贪多冒进。每学一个项目，首先要把单项练习练熟，然后过渡到综合练习，最后则应做到扩大运用。 以定语从句这一项为例，首先要反复进行替换练习。把“I read a novel yesterday．”和“It was extremely Interesting．”这两个单句改为“The novel I read yesterday was extremely interesting．”这就是定语从句的单项练习。再如把“I saw a man this morning．”和“The man is my teacher．”改为“The man I saw this morning is my teacher．”；把“I saw a film last night．”和“The film was very amusing．”改为“The film I saw last night was very amusing．”这种练习虽然是枯燥的，却是重要的基本功，把定语从句练到脱口而出的地步。这是第一步。 第二步是把定语从句放在一定的语言情景中去综合运用，进行一问一答。如： A：Did you enjoy the opera？ B：Which opera？ A：The one we saw last night，of course． B：Yes，very much． 第三步是扩大运用，也就是把定语从句和以前学过的两三个项目放在一起去操练 ;
高中英语语法知识点总结
在 英语学习 中，语法的学习是必不可少的内容，因为学习语法可以帮助我们理解 句子 的含义，可是语法的学习是很枯燥的，所以常常不被学生所接受。下面我给大家分享一些高中英语语法知识点，希望能够帮助大家，欢迎阅读! 高中英语语法知识点1 冠词 高考对冠词的考查集中在基本用法上，主要既反映在对泛指、特指及固定 短语 冠词的考查。抽象名词、物质名词的具体化依然是高考的重点、难点。 一、不定冠词 不定冠词a，an与one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不强调数目，用来表示不确定的人或事物。 A用在辅音前，而不是辅音字母前;an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。 a university in Asia 1.表示同类中的任何一个 A cat has nine lives. 2.表示泛指的某人、某物 I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one. 3.表示数量的一 He has a daughter. 4. 表示单位数量的每一 I earn 10 dollars an hour. 5.表示相同的 The two birds are of a color. 6. 用于集体名词前 He grows up in a large family. 7. 在某种情况下可用于抽象名词和物质名词前 China has a long history. 二、定冠词的用法 1.表示特定的人或物 2.表示地球、宇宙中独一无二的事物 主要指各种天体及世界上比较有影响的物体。 The sun，the moon，the earth 3.表示地点、方向、时间、方式等 at the corner 在拐角处 1) 在表示季节的名词前常不用冠词。 In spring 在春天 2) 具体某年的某个季节，需用冠词。 In the summer of the year2008 3)用于序数词或形容词的最高级前 the first the second 4)用于形容词前使其名词化 the rich the poor 5)用于复数姓氏前，表示―夫妇‖或全家 The Smiths 6)用于乐器名词前 Play the piano 7)用于by+the+计量单位名词 By the pound 1. 用于复数名词前 复数名词泛指某类人或物时，其前通常用零冠词。 Students should obey the school rules. 学生应该遵守校规。 复数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 The students are too lazy. 这些学生太懒。 2. 用于不可数名词前 不可数名词表示泛指时，其前通常用零冠词。如： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。 Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木头是声音的不良导体。 不可数名词若需特指，则要加定冠词。 He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木头锯成三块。 3.用于专有名词前 在通常情况下，专有名词前要用零冠词。如： Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英语。 在特殊情况下，若专有名词需要特指，也可加定冠词。如： The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here. 4. 用于抽象化的可数名词前 有些可数名词抽象化后表示表示的活动，其前通常零冠词。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡觉了。 She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做礼拜。 这类主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等。另外，这类名词前用不用冠词有时与英美英语的表达习惯有关。如：―住院‖在英国英语中通常说成 in hospital，而在美国英语中则通常说成in the hospital;类似的还有go to university (英)上大学 / go to the university (美)上大学;at table (英)在吃饭 / at the table (美)在吃饭。 高中英语语法知识点2 现在完成时 1. 现在完成时结构： 主语 + 助动词have(has) + 动词过去分词 否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t 一般疑问句：have/has提前 2. 现在完成时的用法： (1)表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个结果或影响，常与yet，already，just，before，lately等时间状语连用。 —Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃过午饭了吗? —Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我刚吃过。(现在我不饿了。) I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片了。(这些照片已不在我这里了。) have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的区别 1. have (has) gone to表示"已经去某地了"，不能与for+一段时间连用。 She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之现在不在这里。) 2. have (has) been to表示"曾经去过某地"，不能与for+一段时间连用。 She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已经不在上海，只说明她曾经去过。) 3. have (has) been in/at表示"一直待在某地"，常与时间段搭配，指待了很久。 (2)过去发生的事情，一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的词)。 I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。 I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。 They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。 She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校，她就教我。 3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用： (1)用于"过去发生的事，对现在造成的影响或结果"的时间状语有： (2)用于"过去发生的事，一直延续到现在"的时间状语有： for + 时间段 for two years since + 时间点 since 2008 since then since he came here so far 目前;迄今为止 up to now=till now=by now 到现在为止;直到现在 all the time 总是;一直 recently/lately 最近 these days 近几天 by the end of...到……末/结束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末 during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中 in the last /past days/ months/ years 在过去的几个天/月/年中 (3)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. (4)非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. 高中英语语法知识点3 一般将来时 1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗? 2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 计划或安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份 报告 。 4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 5.一般现在时表将来。 a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 —When does the bus star? 汽车什么时候开? —It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。 b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。 Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。 c. 在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。 I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。 d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。 I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。 6.用现在进行时表示将来。 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。 I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗? 高中英语语法知识点4 形容词、副词的基本用法 1.形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。2.有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等He is old. He works hard，though.=Though he is old，he works hard.虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。3.有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。4.can not/never 与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分;越……越好。—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。—You can never be too careful in the street.— —在大街上你越小心越好。 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级 1."as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as"表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2."as+形容词/副词的原级+as"与"not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as"表示同级比较，即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。3."the+比较级+of the two +名词"表示"两者中较……的那个"。The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。4.a+形容词比较级+n.……After two years’ research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究两年之后，现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。We went to the USA in search of a better life.为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。5.比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.学生们学习比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。6.最高级(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?—No. It couldn’t have been worse.——不，不能再差了。 高中英语语法知识点5 1、学校生活及学习成绩 Be getting on well with one’s study某人的学习越来越好take several courses at school在学校学若干门课程have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …put one’s heart into…专心于;致力于be interested in …be fond oflike chemistry bestbe good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;major in history 主修历史He has the best record in school. 他的成绩最棒。get a doctor’s degree 获得博士学位be more interesting to sb.learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);take an active part in …; learn… by heart;work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study) 2、师生关系get on well with sb; like to be with students; be gentle with us; be kind to sb; be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;be strict in work We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..give advice on …; question sb on …be satisfied with …correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;teach sb to do sth.devote all one’s time to work;admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education佩服他对于 教育 事业的献身精神。 3、课余活动及周末生活spend one’s time in many different ways;enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);play chess (basketball); have a swim;have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;get everything ready for;ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);There are a lot of activities at (the beach).We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.It was a very relaxing Sunday.There are good programmes on TV on weekends. 4、彼此沟通信息take a message for sb; send a message to sb;hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;get information about…;express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英语表达一个人的思想(感情);Write sb a letter saying…给某人写信说... ， apologize to sb for…thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;take sb’s side 5、事件中人的态度would like to do; allow sb to do;keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …);fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;regret doing;prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;would rather (not) do. 高中英语语法知识点 总结 相关 文章 ： ★ 高中英语语法知识点整理总结 ★ 高中英语语法总结 ★ 高三英语语法知识点总结 ★ 高三英语语法知识点归纳汇总 ★ 高中英语知识归纳笔记 ★ 人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结 ★ 高中英语语法知识点整理 ★ 高考英语语法与知识点总结归纳 ★ 高考英语语法知识点总结 ★ 高中英语语法考点总结
高中英语语法的知识点总结
【读者按】“非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作谓语外，它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。 一、非谓语动词 “非谓语动词”可分为动词不定式、动名词和分词。它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作谓语外，它可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语与复合宾语(主语补语或宾语补语)。有些及物动词后面接不带to的不定式作复合宾语。这些动词归纳如下：一感(feel).二听(hear，listen to)，三让(have，1et， make)，四看(see，watCh，notice，observe)。再加上help somebody(to)do something和美国英语look at somebody do somthing。还有“二让”属特殊：get somebody to do something 与keep somebody doing。而有些及物动词后面接动名词(the -ing form)作宾语。这些动词归纳为一句话：Papa C makes friends。这是由如下动词的开头字母组成：permit，advise， practise，avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish，risk，imagine,escape,need，delay，stand(忍受)。 为了容易记住，也可以编成顺口溜：“允许完成练习，建议避免冒险，考虑延期逃跑，喜欢保持想象，需要反对忍受”。其相对应的动词依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise; advise/suggest， avoid，risk： consider， delay， escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate， keep， imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand。 二、复合句 1、学生最容易混淆的是定语从句与同位语从句的区别。 例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位语从句) B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定语从句) 关键的区别在于连接或关系代词that：有意义的是定语， 无意义的是同位。因为引导定语从句的.that在从句中作主语或 宾语，而引导同位语从句的that只起到连接词的作用。 2、接着容易混淆的是引导定语从句的关系代词that与 which：that之前是不定(代词)、序数(词)、(形容词)最高级：which之前是介词短语与逗号(非限制性)。 例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day. B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. C、I have lost my pen，which I like very much. D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
求牛津高中英语所有模块句型
1. 考点出处：Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. (P2)
考点提炼：动名词作主语。
考点梳理：动名词作主语，表示习惯的行为，具有一般性或经常性（此时谓语用单数）。
Studying English is very important. 学英语很重要。
考点串联：动名词作主语时，常用以下的结构：It’s no use / no good / a waste of time doing sth. 。如：It’s no help crying for what has been done.为已做过的事哭泣是于事无补的。
考点例析：Fishing is his favourite hobby, and ________ . （2001 上海）
A. he’d like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
解析：选D。句意为“钓鱼是他最大的爱好，收集硬币也给了他很大的乐趣。”V-ing形式和不定式都可以做主语，一般可以互换，但有时又略有区别。动词V-ing形式做主语往往表示一般或抽象的多次行为，不定式做主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
考点纠错：吸烟是一个很难克服的习惯。
误：To smoke is a very difficult habit to give up.
正：Smoking is a very difficult habit to give up.
考点提醒：注意分析动名词和不定式做主语的区别。
2. 考点出处：This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before 8 a.m. （P2）
考点提炼：mean的用法。
考点梳理：mean用做动词，表示“指的是，意思是”，后常接V-ing或that引导的从句；当表示“想要”时，后常接动词不定式，相当于want to do sth.。
Waiting outside means wasting useful time. 在外面等就是浪费有用的时间。
I mean to go tomorrow. 我想明天走。
考点串联：mean sth. by sth. / doing sth. 意思是……；mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事。
By study I mean the study of science. 我说的学习，指的是学习科学。
I didn’t mean you to read the letter. 我并没有打算让你读那封信。
考点例析：—You should have thanked her before you left．
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere. （2000上海春季）
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing so
解析：选B。mean作为“打算，想要……”，后接动词不定式。另外，本题还考查动词不定式的省略结构。
考点纠错：你那样说是什么意思？
误：What do you mean to say that?
正：What do you mean by saying that?
考点提醒：by doing sth. 中的by表示抽象的方式。
3. 考点出处：We also had different students in some classes, so it was difficult to remember all the faces and names. (P2)
考点提炼：句中it是形式主语。
考点梳理：用it作形式主语，it代替不定式、主语从句等。
It’s nice to be with you. 和你在一起真好。
It’s important that we study English. 我们学习英语是重要的。
考点串联：it可指代if或when从句的内容。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌人们满嘴含着食物说话。
考点例析：The Foreign Minister said, “ ________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” （2004 北京）
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
解析：选D。当句子中的主语是动词不定式或从句时，通常将it用做形式主语放在句首而把真正的主语不定式或从句放在后面。
考点纠错：完成那项工作费了我们两天的时间。
误：That took us two days to finish that work.
正：It took us two days to finish that work.
考点提醒：英语中只有it可作形式主语或形式宾语。
谁能把高中牛津英语模块1、2的重要语法给我？
呵呵 希望对你有所帮助 祝楼主进步哈
一. 直接引语和间接引语
（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化： 根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if；如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked，可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气（即请求或命令）加上ask, tell, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。其句型为：ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
二. 各种时态的被动语态
被动语态概述
被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词
When he got there, the problem was being discussed.
6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.
7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词
注意：
1．除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.
3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如：
The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以。例如：
The map was changed by someone.（被动结构）
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.（系表结构）
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。
例如：
He was very excited.（系表结构）
He was much excited by her words.（被动结构）
5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如：
These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。
The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。
The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。