【考研英语试题写作】2011年英语一作文试题
2011年英语一作文试题 Direction： Write an essay of 160-200words based on the following drawing .In your essay ,you should 1) describe the drawing briefly 2) explain its intended measing and 3) give your comments You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20points) 参考范文： Our surroundings are being polluted fast and man's present efforts can not prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials. What can explain and solve this problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man -- by his desire for a modern way of life. We make "increasing industrialization" our chief aim.So we are often ready to offer everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children.There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of our modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twentyyears, pollution has become a serious problem. Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going-- and why? It makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,"I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going. " The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when speaking of our modern society. In my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. First, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. Second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. Finally, those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished. We should let them know that destroying environment means destroying mankind themselves.
2011年考研英语模拟试题解析
The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals， （1） ____ this is largely because， （2） _____animals， we stand upright. This means that our noses are （3） ______to perceiving those smells which float through the air， （4） _____ the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact， （5） ____， we are extremely sensitive to smells， （6） _____ we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of （7） _____ human smells even when these are （8） _____ to far below one part in one million. 1.[A]although [B]as [C]but [D] while [答疑编号1000020201]「参考答案」C「答案解析」although 表示让步；but表示转折关系； while 表示时间或者对比。四个选项中，but是表示转折的并列连词，but后面的内容是语句重心所在。While也可以表示对比、转折，但作为从属连词也有让步含义。从本题前后的语义关系来看，后半句语义应当是重心所在。因此，正确答案为C.
2. [A] above [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] besides [答疑编号1000020202]「参考答案」B「答案解析」…this is largely because， animals， we stand upright. "而这在很大程度上是因为人类直立行走，这一点与动物……" 人类直立行走，而动物却不同。因此，正确答案为B.
3. [A] limited [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] confined [答疑编号1000020203]「参考答案」A「答案解析」选项A. be limited to 被限制在……；B. be committed to 被交给……，答应承担……义务；C. be dedicated to 奉献，献给；D. be confined to 限制在，局限于。根据句意可以排除B、C项。be confined to有"把……局限/限制于"的含义，但是它一般用于具体范围的"局限、限制"，与句子的语境不符。因此，正确答案为A.
4.[A] catching [B] ignoring [C] missing [D] tracking [答疑编号1000020204]「参考答案」C「答案解析」选项A. catching 抓住；B. ignoring 忽略；C. missing 错过；D. tracking 跟踪，追溯。前面说我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味，对于大部分停留在表面的气味当然是"闻不到".首先可以排除A、D项，ignore含有"有意不……"的意思，显然不符合语境。故正确答案为C.
5. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore [答疑编号1000020205]「参考答案」B「答案解析」由于本句中的in fact提示了转折关系，因此要选择转折的逻辑关系词。选项A. anyway 无论如何（表示让步）；B. though 虽然（表示让步或转折）；C. instead 相反；D. therefore 因此（表示结果）。四个选项中，只有though能与in fact连用表示转折（不过，事实上……）。因此，正确答案为B.
6. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if [答疑编号1000020206]「参考答案」A「答案解析」"事实上，我们对气味极其敏感，……我们一般没有意识到。" 选项A. even if 即使（表让步）；B. if only 但愿（后常接虚拟语气，表示愿望）；C. only if 如果（用于表达条件关系，only表强调）；D. as if 似乎（用于表达比较关系）。四个选项中只有A项 even if 用于表达让步关系"即使".因此，正确答案为A.
7.[A] distinguishing [B] discovering [C] determining [D] detecting [答疑编号1000020207]「参考答案」D「答案解析」本题目选择动名词，在句子中充当谓语的动作内容。选项A. distinguishing 区别；B. discovering 发现；C. determining 决定；D. detecting发现，发觉，感知。我们的鼻子只能是感知（引申为闻到）人的气味".因此，正确答案为D.
8. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused [答疑编号1000020208]「参考答案」A「答案解析」本题目选择动词过去分词形式，构成 "be…to "的短语。选项A. diluted 稀释的（可以用在液体或气体的稀释）；B. dissolved 溶解（通常指固体溶解为液体）；C. dispersed 散开；D. diffused 扩散，弥漫。气味应该是被稀释或冲淡到百万分之一。因此，正确答案为A. Strangely， some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another。（9）____others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate （10） ______smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send （11） ______to the brain. However， it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell （12） _____can suddenly become sensitive to it when （13）_____ to it often enough.
9. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas [答疑编号1000020209]「参考答案」D「答案解析」"奇怪的是，有些人发现他们可以闻到一种花香，却闻不出另一种，……有些人却对两种花香都很敏感。" 显然构成一种对比关系，只有whereas能用于引导表示转折关系的并列句。因此，正确答案为D.
10. [A] unusual [B] particular [C] unique [D] typical [答疑编号1000020210]「参考答案」B「答案解析」"这意味着有些人的鼻子里缺少某种基因，这种基因是激发人鼻子里的……气味感知器所必需的。"选项A. unusual 不寻常的；B. particular 特别的，特定的；C. unique 独一无二的；D. typical 典型的。这种"气味感知器"具有感知气味这种特定的功能。因此，正确答案为B.
11. [A] signs [B] stimuli [C]messages [D]impulses [答疑编号1000020211]「参考答案」C「答案解析」"这些感知器是一种细胞。这种细胞能够感知气味，并且向大脑传递……"选项A. signs 标记；B. stimuli刺激；C. messages 信息，信号；D. impulses 冲动，推动。身体的各个器官向大脑传递的是信号。因此，正确答案为C.
12. [A] at first [B]at all [C]at large [D] at times [答疑编号1000020212]「参考答案」A「答案解析」"然而，……对某种特定气味不敏感的人也能突然变得敏感起来。"在本句中，供选的状语修饰整个句子。选项A. at first 起初；B. at all 根本；C. at large 全面地，详细地，无拘无束地； D. at times 有时。由于谓语部分的频度状语"突然"体现了时间的交替关系，句子应该表达起初不敏感。因此，正确答案为A.
13. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed [答疑编号1000020213]「参考答案」D「答案解析」"然而，起初对某种特定气味不敏感的人也会突然变得敏感起来，当他们经常……在这种气味中时。"选项A. be subjected to 遭受，屈服于；B. be left to 被留给……；C. be drawn to 被拖到……；D. be exposed to 暴露在……（经常接触）。语境表达的是人处于某种气味所笼罩的环境中。因此，正确答案为D. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it （14） _____ to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can （15） _____ new receptors if necessary. This may （16） ______explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells——we simply do not need to be. We are not （17） ______of the usual smell of our own house， but we （18） _____ new smells when we visit someone else's. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors （19） ______for unfamiliar and emergency signals （20） _____the smell of smoke， which might indicate the danger of fire.
effectiveness efficiency
14. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient [答疑编号1000020214]「参考答案」C「答案解析」选项A. ineffective 无效的，不起作用的；B. incompetent 不能胜任的；C. inefficient 效率低的；D. insufficient 不足的，不够的。根据语境，首先可以排除B、D项。ineffective 和 inefficient一个强调效果，一个强调效率。大脑发现让所有的气味感知器一直处于工作状态会使气味感知器的效率降低。因此，正确答案为C.
15. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create [答疑编号1000020215]「参考答案」D「答案解析」选项A. introduce 介绍，引进；B. summon 呼唤，号召；C. trigger 扣动扳机，一触即发；D. create 创造，产生（从无到有）。trigger the receptors"激活受体"是常见的搭配，但"激活"应该是对现已存在的食物而言。从空格后面的new来判断，只有create才符合逻辑。因此，正确答案为D.
16. [A] still [B]also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless [答疑编号1000020216]「参考答案」B「答案解析」"这……可以解释为什么我们通常对自己的气味不敏感——我们根本不需要（对自己的气味敏感）。"选项A. still 仍然；B. also 也；C. otherwise 否则；D. nevertheless 然而，虽然如此。"this"这个词就表明了逻辑关系应该是并列，翻译成"也"，表示和前面的句子是相同或者相近的含义。因此，正确答案为B.
17. [A] sure [B] sick [C] aware [D] tired [答疑编号1000020217]「参考答案」C「答案解析」此句的意思是：我们意识不到自己家里的气味，但当我们去拜访他人时就会留意到新的气味。因此，选aware of. sure of "确信"，sick of "厌倦"，tired of "厌倦"都不合句意。
18. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice [答疑编号1000020218]「参考答案」D「答案解析」选项A. tolerate 忍受；B. repel 抵制；C. neglect 忽略；D. notice 注意到。句子中的 "but"提供了信息，前后两个句子含义相反。前面提到"没有注意到自己房间的气味"，后面就应该是闻到新的气味。因此，正确答案为D.
19. [A] available [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] suitable [答疑编号1000020219]「参考答案」A「答案解析」选项A. available 可达到的，可工作的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. identifiable 可辨认的；D. suitable 适合的。 "大脑会使气味感知器工作来处理随时接受不熟悉和紧急信号"，故选available，符合句子含义。
20. [A] similar to [B] such as [C] along with [D] aside from [答疑编号1000020220]「参考答案」B「答案解析」选项A. similar to 相似于；B. such as 例如；C. along with 和……一起；D. aside from 除……之外。烟的气味恰恰被包含在前面相邻的"不熟悉和紧急信号"之中，应该选择表示列举意义的短语。因此，正确答案为B.