高二英语语法知识点
英语语法的学习，是学好英语的重要内容。下面是我为大家收集整理的 高二英语 语法知识点，相信这些文字对你会有所帮助的。 高二英语语法知识点(一) 过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。 Heated , water changes into steam . The professor came in, followed by a group of young people . 1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句 Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said … 2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。 When heated , water can be changed into steam . Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill… 3 作条件状语等于 if / whether 引导从句 Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention …. Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you … 4 作方式或伴随状语 The actress came in , followed by her fans . She sat by the window , lost in thought . 5 作让步状语 Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he …. 6 独立主格结构： 当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。 The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat . All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers . Rewrite with proper conjunctions Example : United we stand, divided we fall. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall. 1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it. →When he was asked what had happened, … 2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures. →Because he was well known for his expert advice. 高二英语语法知识点(二) 1.倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。 如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。 2. 倒装句的构成 a) 完全倒装 将 句子 的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。 Are you from here? 你是本地人吗? Now comes the chance. 机会来了。 b) 部分倒装 只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如： Has he come? 他来了吗? Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。 Only in this way can we do the work better. 3. 倒装的原因 a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如： Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗? Long live peace! 和平万岁! b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如： Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。 c)强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如： Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。 Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。 4. 倒装句的基本用法 a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)： When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒? Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗? b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down c) 副词only+状语放在句首时: Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。 Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种 方法 你才能学好数学。 d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首时: Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到 元旦 那天才能给你礼物。 Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests. 火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。 e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首: He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。 He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首: Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。 So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 高二英语语法知识点(三) 英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如： She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。) 一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。 Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.( 谚语 ：少说多看) Don't leave such an important thing undone. Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time. 二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。 1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况： A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做" eg: I have had my bike repaired. The villagers had many trees planted just then. B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失" Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month. The old man had his leg broken in the accident. He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986) 2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如： They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English. I raised my voice to make myself heard. 三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如 When we got to school,we saw the door locked. We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. He felt himself cheated. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000) 四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如 The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment. I would like my house painted white. I want the suit made to his own measure. I wish the problem settled. 五、过去分词用在“with +宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如： The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden. With everything well arranged,he left the office. 六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。 现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。 过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。 不定式作宾补： 表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。
高二英语重点语法有哪些
高二英语有哪些重点语法，分为几大类？不清楚的小伙伴看过来，下面由我为你精心准备了“高二英语重点语法有哪些”仅供参考，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的资讯! 高二英语重点语法有哪些 高二英语重点语法 一、倒装 1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒装: 2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主语的句子中用全部倒装: 注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。 3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副词开头的句子以示强调或为了使情景更生动，句子用全部倒装: 注：如果主语是代词则不用倒装。 4. only, not until所修饰的介词短语、副词或状语从句放在句首时，要部分倒装: 注：①主句倒装，从句不倒装。 ②Only+主语置于句首时，不倒装。 5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首时，要部分倒装: 6.在no sooner…than; not only…but also; hardly/scarcely …when; 句型中，前面的句子要部分倒装: 注：not only…but also, neither…nor连接两个主语不倒装。 7.以so, neither, nor开头的句子，表相同概念的肯定或否定时，要全部倒装: e.g.: I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he. She is a teacher, so am I. 8.so/such…that句型中，把so/such修饰的那部分放在句首时，主句要部分倒装: 9.as引导的让步状语从句，常把表语、状语置于主首，用倒装: 注：如果表语是单数可数名词，该词前一般不加冠词。 Child as he is, he knows a lot. 10.省略if的虚拟条件句置于句首时，用倒装: 11. Such作表语放在句首时，表示强调，用倒装: 12. 为了保持句子平衡，或使上下文连接更紧，可把介词短语、形容词短语、副词或分词提到主语前，用全部倒装语序: 二、过去分词与现在分词 1、现在分词和过去分词的构成(形式) 现在分词的构成 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 过去分词的构成：done 2、过去分词的用法 过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作，只有一种形式。 过去分词用法如下： 1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面;如果是过去分词短语，要放在名词的后面。 2.作表语 3.作宾语补足语 4.作状语 3、现在分词的用法 1. 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词，一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语，一般放在名词的后面，它的功用相当于定语从句。 2. 作表语 3. 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。 注1：上述句子也可以变为被动式。如：Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes. 注2：复合宾语中用现在分词和用不定式意义稍有不同。不定式表示动作发生了，指事物的全过程;分词则表示动作正在进行。 Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 这是一句英文谚语意思是只要有耐心，总会走好运。 高中英语语法： 宾语从句 1.定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导宾语从句的关联词有三类： (1)从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned.我知道他已经回来了。注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。 1.Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。 2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。 3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.(that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。 4.We decided,in view of his special circumstances,that we would admit him for a probationary period.(主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。 (1)介词宾语从句 宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat.我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say.我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略。如：I don’t care (for)who marries him.我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful (as to)how you do that.你要注意做这件事的方式。 (2)从属连词if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed.我怀疑他是否会成功。I don’t know if you can help me.我不知道你能否帮助我。 (3)连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever 连接副词 where,when,how,why。如：Who or what he was,Martin never learned.他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。I wonder what he’s writing to me about.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will.你可做任何你想做的事。 拓展阅读：高中生如何学好语法 高中语法如何学 1、“望文生义”学语法 “望文生义”学语法,也许让人听起来不可思议。“望文生义”的含义是“不了解某一词句的确切涵义,光从字面上去牵强附会,做出不确切的解释”。“望文生义”的意思是贬义的,怎么可以这样学语法呢?其实,在英语中,许多语法的名称,本身就已经解释了这个语法的性质、含义和用途。“望文生义”能够真真切切地帮助我们理解了英语中“浩如烟海、枯燥无味、难以记忆”的语法术语。 比如说代词的分类分为人称代词和物主代词。人称代词分为主格和宾格;物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。如果一个一个去定义英语中的代词分类,定会令人觉得枯燥无味,通过“望文生义”来理解和记忆,既可以记住语法术语的名称,又可以记住术语的用法和性质。人称代词就是起到替代人称作用的词;人称代词作主语就是主格,作宾语就是宾格;人称代词相当与一个形容词的功能就是形容词性物主代词,相当与一个名词的功能就是名词性物主代词。 对于高中生来说,“从句”一直是语法学习中最令人头痛的一个语法点,更别说“从句”的那么多分类的定义和用法了。其实在学习“从句”时,学生只需要“望文生义”就可以很轻松的掌握从句的分类和用法了。“宾语从句”从字面意思上看,是由“宾语”(就是放在动词或者介词之后的名词)和“从句”(就是一个句子,有自己的主语和谓语)两个部分组成,整个从句做宾语的,就叫宾语从句;整个从句做主语的就叫“主语从句”;整个从句做表语的就叫“表语从句”。高一学生就能很轻松地推出什么是“名词从句”(名词可以做主语、宾语、表语,与之对应的就是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句,外加一个表示“同位”关系的“同位语从句”)。学生通过“望文生义”的方法,可以快速简单地推出一些没有学过的语法术语。也给老师表扬学生聪明的机会,从而增强学生们学习英语语法的自信心,克服学习语法的恐惧感。 语法教学过程中,推敲琢磨,发现能用此法的术语还不少呢!整个从句做状语就叫“状语从句”。表示时间的状语从句,就叫“时间状语从句”,以此类推,就可以推出“条件状语从句”、“地点状语从句”、“让步状语从句”(即表示退一步关系的状语从句就叫让步状语从句)、“原因状语从句”、“伴随状语从句”、“结果状语从句”和“方式状语从句”。通过这种方法即可以减少语法讲解的时间,又可以增强学生的理解力,同时激发学生学习英语的兴趣和成就感,只要你有心,这样的例子不胜枚举。在教学过程中,“望文生义”的方法,真正让学生对语法不但不恐惧,甚至会喜欢上语法呢! 2“歌谣”学语法 在高中英语语法教学中“非谓语动词”是教学的一个难点和重点,尤其分词可以做哪些状语,学生掌握的最不好。我运用“奇思妙想”的方法编“歌谣”进行教学,收效还挺不错的。我利用谐音记忆,把分词做状语的用法,总结为“调屎愿让半结方”也就是“条时原让伴结方”的谐音,条(条件状语)时(时间状语)原(原因状语)让(让步状语)伴(伴随状语)结(结果状语)方(方式状语),我为了让学生记忆深刻,就开玩笑地向学生解释“搅屎巴巴都愿意给你们一半,作为一种结果方式”,在学生露出“呲牙咧嘴”的表情时,也非常清晰的记住了这句“调屎愿让半结方”,也就是“条时原让伴结方”的谐音。即分词可以做条件状语、时间状语、原因状语、让步状语、伴随状语、结果状语、方式状语。 英语学习技巧 (1)熟悉各类体裁和题材的文章结构和安排及其解题技巧，如记叙文、夹叙夹议、议论文，说明文。提高对篇章整体结构的理解和推断，学会站在作者角度把握文章的脉络等;多做定时练习。 (2)快速阅读，整体理解，积累词汇。;提高阅读技巧和解题技巧，如阅读理解的4种基本题型、常见的设题手法。阅读题主要包括四个方面，即事实细节、概括中心、推理判断和猜测词义。不但要读懂文章，还要学会答题，即掌握概括中心、推理判断和猜测词义的规律。 (3)阅读速度要尽量快，先看题目，再看文章。要了解作者的写作思维和写作思路，养成看一段就懂一段的习惯。最终要做到看了第一段，就能猜出第二段应该写什么。做题目时应该“对题寻源”，减少盲目性。考试时的阅读成绩是建立在平时大量阅读基础之上的。平时读得多了，考试时就会得心应手。
定语从句语法讲解
一、 知识点梳理 充当定语修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，由一定的连接词引导，连接词称为关系代词(which,that,as,whom,who,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why) 1、 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 起对先行词进行限定、区分的作用。若去掉易产生歧义或使主句意义不明确。(此类定语从句前后没有逗号) 【eg】The dress that my mother bought for me is very beautiful. 我妈妈给我买的裙子很漂亮。 ⑵非限定性定语从句 与先行词之间的关系比较松散，只对先行词起说明和描述的作用。若省去，剩余部分意义仍然完整，表达清楚。(此类定语从句前后用逗号隔开) 【eg】Your writings , which everyone admires , are very marvelous. 你的作品人人欣赏，实在是太了不起了。 Shakespeare , whose plays are popular , was a great writer. 莎士比亚是个伟大的作家，他的剧作很受欢迎。 ⑶某些情况下，一个定语从句既可以作限定性定语从句，又可以作为非限定性定语从句，但二者含义有差别。 【eg】There are ten cars here which are made in China. 这里有十辆中国制造的车。 (这里可能还有其他的车) There are ten cars here , which are made in China. 这里有十辆车，它们都是中国制造的。 (这里只有十辆车) ⑷that和why一般不引导非限定性定语从句，其他引导限定性定语从句的关系代词和关系副词都可以引导非限定性定语从句。 ⑴限定性定语从句 【eg】My elder brother , who is an engineer , is working abroad. 我的'哥哥在国外工作，他是一个工程师。 Last year , I visited Quanzhou , which is a beautiful cityin Fujian Province. 去年我游览了泉州，它是福建省一个漂亮的城市。 ⑴which和that指物 ① which和that引导的限定性定语从句表事物，可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语。当他们在宾语从句中做宾语时，that和which常可以省略。 【eg】We must respect the custom here that has existed forhundreds of years. 我们必须尊重这里存在了数百年的习俗。 (做主语) This is the book (that / which) I want to buy. 这就是我想买的那本书。 (做buy的宾语) 多数情况下，that和which 可以通用。 ② 在下列几种情况下，引导定语从句的关系代词多用that，不用或少用which。 a 先行词前有形容词的最高级、序数词或the only , the very , the last等表绝对意义的词作修饰语。 【eg】This is the oldest tree that exists in the world. 这是世界上现存最老的一棵树。 The only thing ( that ) he is interested in is collecting stamps. 他唯一感兴趣的事就是集邮。 b 先行词为不定代词(anything , nothing , everything)或被little , few , much, any , no等修饰 【eg】All the songs ( that ) he sang are very popular here. 他唱的所有的歌在这儿都很流行。 Everything that should be done has been done.. 一切应该做的事情都已经做了。 若先行词是something，定语从句用 that 和 which 都可以。 c 先行词既包括人又包括物 【eg】They talked of people and things ( that ) they rememberedin England. 他们谈起了记忆中在英国的人和事。 d 当句中已有wh–疑问句，有时为了避免重复，用 that 引导定语从句而不用which。 ③ 在下列几种情况下，一般使用which引导定语从句而不用that. a 引导非限定性定语从句。 【eg】China , which is the third largest country in the world ,is playing an important part in the world affairs. 中国是世界上第三大国家，它在国际事务中起着重要的作用。 b that和which 在从句中作介词的宾语。 介词可以放在句末也可以提到关系代词前面。 介词放在句末时，关系代词可用that 和which ，也可省略。 介词提前到关系代词前时，只能用which 不能用that ，且which 不可省。 【eg】A bottle opener is a tool ( which / that ) bottles areopened with. =A bottle opener is a tool with which bottles are opened. 开瓶器是一种用来开启瓶子的工具。 c 当关系代词后面有插入语。 【eg】I have received the invitation to your wedding which ,as I have told you , made me very glad. 我已经收到你的婚礼请柬。这个邀请，正如我所告诉你的，使我感到万分荣幸。 d 若先行词是that，则用 which 引导定语从句。(that which的结构通常出现在谚语中) 【eg】That which is evil is soon learned. 坏事易学。 ④ 先行词是way时，引导定语从句的关系代词有三种形式:in which / that或不用引导词。 【eg】The way he speaks is unique. =The way that he speaks is unique. =The way in which he speaks is unique. 他说话的方式很奇特。 ⑵who,whom 和that指人。 ① who和that在从句中既可做主语又可做宾语 whom 在从句中只可用做宾语。 当who , whom和that在从句中做宾语时，可以省略。 【eg】Do you know the girl who / that is talking with John over there? 你认识在那边和John说话的那个女孩吗? The man (who / whom / that ) you have just talked with is our teacher. 刚才和你说话的那个是我们的老师。 ② who , whom , that在从句中都可作介词的宾语。 介词可位于句末也可提到关系代词前。 介词位于句末时，关系代词可用who , whom或that，也可省略。 介词提到关系代词前时，只能用whom不能用that和who，并且whom不可省。 (注意与2/⑴/③/b类比) 【eg】The man ( who / whom / that ) you have just talked withis our teacher. =The man with whom you have just talked is our teacher. 刚才和你说话的那个人是我们的老师。 ⑶ whose指人或指物，充当名词的修饰语，表示所属关系。 “whose+名词”=“名词+ of which”二者意思相同，可互换。 【eg】Look at the house whose windows are round. =Look at the house the windows of which are round. 看那座窗户是圆形的房子。 ⑷ as引导的定语从句 ① 先行词有such 或the same 修饰，或者在as/so as 的结构中，都可用as 做关系代词来引导限定性定语从句。 【eg】I want to buy the same pen as you are using. 我想买一支和你用的那支一样的笔。 He used such expressions as he could find in the texts. 他使用在课文中可以找到的那些词语。 当the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词既可以用as也可用that。 区别：that引导的定语从句表示它所表述的事物与先行词是同一个。 as既可以表示“同一个”又可以表示“同类”。 【eg】This is the same book that I have lost. 这就是我丢失的那本书。 This is the same book as I have lost. 这本书和我丢失的那本一模一样。 ② as引导非限定性定语从句。 as引导非限定性定语从句,修饰的是前面的整个句子。 which 也有这种用法,两者在大部分情况下可互换。 【eg】She has just cried , as / which I could see from her swollen eyes. 她刚刚哭过，我从她红肿的眼睛就可以看出。 As is known to all , China is the third largest country in the world. 众所周知，中国是世界上第三大繁荣国家。 which引导非限定性定语从句和引导的非限定性定语从句的区别： a which从句只能放在句末，而as从句可位于句首、句中、句末。 【eg】Mark Twain , as we all know , is a great writer. 众所周知，马克吐温是一位伟大的作家。 b 当主句是否定句时，as不能用 which 来替换。as从句所修饰的范围并不包括主句的否定意义。 【eg】Spiders are not insects , as many people think. 蜘蛛并非像许多人所想的那样是昆虫。 3、 关系副词when , where , why的使用 关系副词where , when , why在从句中分别做地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。他们经常可以用“介词+ which ”来替代 ⑴when可替换为 on / at / in / during + which , 在定语从句中做时间状语。 【eg】I still remember the day when / on which we first met. 我还记得我们初次见面的那一天。 Do you still remember the summer vacation when / duringwhich we visited a lot of places in Beijing? 你还记得我们在北京游览了很多地方的那个暑假吗? ⑵ where可替换为 at / in / to + which ，在定语从句中跟在表地点的名词后面做地点状语。 【eg】That is the school where / at which I used to study. 那就是我过去学习过的学校。 Think of a place where / to which we can go for a swim. 想一个我们可以去游泳的地方。 ⑶ why 可替换为for which ，引导先行词为reason的定语从句，表示原因。 【eg】This is the reason why / for which he was late. 这就是他迟到的原因。 ⑷ 关系副词when , where , why 引导定语从句时一般可用that替换，也可省略。 【eg】She is always busy working from the time ( when / that )she gets up in the morning till the time ( when / that ) she goes to bed. 她总是很忙，从早上起床一直到上床睡觉，她都在工作。 That is the place ( where / that ) I went before. 那就是我们从前去过的地方。 Do you know the reason ( why / that ) he left the company? 你知道他离开公司的原因吗? 二、 例题 1、( )The flood overflowed the riverbanks , ______ frequently happened in that area. A as it B which C it D such 2、( )This is the best novel ______ we have read in recent years. A which B that C as D so 3、( )All ______ is a large sum of money. A what is needed B that is needed C the thing needed D for their needs 4、( )Read the text a second time and you will probably know what the principle ______ a hovercraft works. A is on that B has on which C is on which D on which 5、( )The way ______ he gives his performances is appreciated by his fans. Which of the followings is wrong? A / B which C in which D that 6、( )My assistant , ______ carefully read through the instructions before doing the experiment , did not get satisfactory results. A who thought B even who C who had D who having 7、( )In the dark streets , there was not a single person ______ she could turn for help. A that B who C from whom D to whom 8、( )The neighbourhood factory , ______ workers are all women , turns out toys of fine quality. A there B which C whose D when 9、( )He is such an outstanding leader ______ is loved by the people throughout the country. A as B that C which D who 10、( )The can opener is easy to handle , ______ is shown in the picture. A as it B as C that D since 11、( )Everything was quite all right ______ one day ______ she got into trouble. A not until ; when B until ; before C not until ; before D until ; when 12、( )A fast food restaurant is the place ______ ,just as the name suggests , eating is performed quickly. A which B where C there D what 13、( )The plane was delayed , ______ was that the weather was terrible. A the reason why B the reason for it C the reason of it D the reason for which 14、( )Do not let the child who is ______ swim in rivers. A not old enough B too young to C not old enough to D young enough to 15、( )I think you have got to the point ______ ,a change is needed , otherwise you will fail. A when B that C where D which 三、巩固练习 1、( )Is this university ______ they paid a visit to last month? A which B where C the one D which you 2、( )I will never forget the days ______ we spent together in the village. A / B when C what D how 3、( ) ______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A Which B As C That D It 4、( )I was late for school this morning because of the traffic jam ______ I was caught. A which B where C in which D when 5、( )Has everything ______ can be done ______ done? A / ; / B / ; been C that ; been D that ; be 6、( )Can you find me something ______ ? A to open the tin B that I can open the tin C I can open the tin with D by which to open the tin 7、( )Water dissolves a part of nearly everything ______ it comes in contact. A where B with which C that D as soon as 8、( )The size of the audience , ______ we had expected , was well over 500. A whom B that C who D as 9、( )The shop assistant I spoke ______ nothing. A to say B to said C said D tell 10、( )When the mid-term exam was over , I went fishing - ______ I had not done for weeks. A anything B everything C nothing D something 11、( )Tigers live in forests , ______ there are plenty of other animals for them to hunt for food. A when B if C as D where 12、( )I am going to buy the same bicycle ______ you are using now. A that B which C as D like 13、( )This is the same watch ______ I lost. A which B as C that D but 14、( )-How far apart do they live?______ I know ,they live in the same neighbourhood. A As long as B As far as C As well as D As often as 15、( )Yesterday I bought a Chinese painting ______ was very reasonable. A which price B the price of whichC its price D the price of whose key: 1~5 BBBCB 6~10 CDCAB 11~15 DBDAC 巩固1~5 CABCC 6~10 CBDBD 11~15 DCCBB
定语从句语法讲解
定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词表示的）汉语中常用“……的”表示.主要由形容词担任,此外,名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语.短语、从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语.
被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词.如“The man”、“The book”.如“那个穿着西装的人是我爸爸” 这就是一个定语从句.
代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主词保持一致.1,who, whom, that 这些词代替指人,“whom”作宾语指人,"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略）,可以指人也可以指物.在从句中所起作用如下：
（1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
（2）He is the man （whom/that） I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师.（whom在从句中作宾语）
注：who在定语从句中指人,作主语和宾语,作宾语时可省略；whom在定语从句中指人,做及物动词或介词的宾语,可省略.2,which、that 用来指物 (用作主语、宾语,作宾语时可以省略）,例如：
（1）The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which/that在从句中作主语）
（2）The package (which/that) you are carryingis about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了.（which/that在从句中作宾语）
注：which在定语从句中指物,可作主语或及物动词或介词的宾语,作宾语时可省略；that在定语从句中既可指人又可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语和表语,作宾语时可省略,指人时,相当于who或whom,指物时,相当于which,作介词宾语时,介词不可提到that前,当介词提前时,需要用which或whom来代替.[1]3.whose (只用作定语)
“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）
关系代词：在句中作主语、宾语或定语.
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语可省略“that”在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,“which”在从省略.[eg：This is the book （which）you want.]
2. 不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语代词“wh”放在它原来的位置.
3. 代表物时多这时的that常被省略；
c）被形容词最高级修饰时；既有人又有物时；
e）整个句中前面已有“which”,“wh”行
关系副词：在句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on which（介词同先行词搭配）
when=during/ on/ in/…… which（介词同先行词搭配）
1. “where”是关系代词,当然也不用“that”引导.
By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 到你到达伦敦的时候,我们在那里已经待了两个星期.
I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方.
Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc. 他每次出差都带来了生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他东西.
2. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用“there is”开头.
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 这里有人要和你说话.
分作进一步说明,通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立.
编辑本段关系副词的用法及说明关系副词why 关系副词why主要用于修饰表示原因的名词（主要是the reason）,同时它在定语从句中用作原因状语.如：
We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我们不知道他为什么没有来.
She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她没跟我讲她拒绝这项工作的原因.
与关系副词when和where不同,why可以换成that或省略.如：
That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 这就是我请你来的原因之一.
另外,与关系副词when和where可以引导非限制性定语从句不一样,why只能引导限制性定语从句,不能引导非限制性定语从句.如：
他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒.
误：The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.
正：The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.关系副词when 关系副词when主要用于修饰表示时间的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作时间状语.如：
There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必须作出抉择的时候到了.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他们为所欲为的日子一去不复返了.
We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把野餐推迟到下星期,那时天气可能会好一点.
注意不要一见到先行词为时间名词,就以为一定要用关系副词when来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作时间状语,就用when；如果在定语从句中不是用作时间状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用when,而要用that, which等.如：
Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you. 不要忘记我告诉你的时间.
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作动词told的宾语,正因为是用作宾语,所以也可以省略.关系副词where 关系副词where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语.
与前面when的情况一样,注意不要一见到先行词为地点名词,就以为一定要用关系副词where来引导定语从句,同时还要看它在定语从句中充当什么成分——如果在定语从句中用作地点状语,就用where；如果在定语从句中不是用作地点状语,而是用作主语或宾语,那就不能用where,而要用that, which等
关系代词that / which在定语从句中用作主语.
另外注意,where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句.
一份整天坐办公桌前的工作.
非限制性定语从句 意义：
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用,缺少也不会影响全句的理解.在非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开,
3. 非限定性定语从句可将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用于在从句中做主语
whom指人 注意：关系代词“whom”在口语和非正式语体中常用“who”代替,可省略.
如果在从句中做宾语,就用“whom”或“who”.
which 、that 通常指人也可指物 在定语从句中做定语,表所有.
“whose”指物时通常以以下结构来代替：
that指人时 相当于“who”或者“whom”；指物时,相当于“which”当前头有最高级序数词“all”不定代词时必须用“that”.
在定语从句中做主语、表语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.
when指时间 在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用.
介词和关系代词 1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略.
2）“that”前“Do you”作介词的宾语,且可以省略.例如：
（1）The school（that/which）he once studied in is very famous.“that/which”可以省略.
= The school in which he once studied is very famous.“which”不可省略.
（2）Tomorrow I will bring here 用,如：look for, look after, take care of等.
T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.（T=正确）
F This is the watch for which I am looking.（F=错误）
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用“whom”,不可用“who”或者“that”；指物时用“which”,不能用“that”；关系代词是所有格时用“whose”
（1）The man with whom you talked is my friend.（T）
The man famous.
（2）I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.关系代词 关系代词（一般情况下）“that”可用在从句做主语,谓动词的宾语,但是不能做介词的宾语.
“which”指物,在从句句中作主语；
“whom”在从句中作宾语；
“why”在从句中修语,先行词通常是“the reason”；
有时“why”也可用“for+which”代替.
例：A doctor who looks after people's health.
主语 谓语 先行词 定语从句修饰先行词判断介词和关系代词 方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词.例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
判断改错:
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
,解析： 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、宾语时,选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）；
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词（“where”地点状语,“when”时间状语,“why”原因状语）.
编辑本段关系词的选择只用that不用which 1）当先行词是或被序数词,最高级,不定代词修饰时,关系词用that不用which.
2）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that.
3）当先行词带有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等词时,用that不用which.
4）当主句中有who或which时,为避免重复用that.
5）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时 只能用that只用who不用that 1）如果先行词是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one时用who不用that.
2）当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语从句或在被分割的定语从句中时.只用which不用that 1）当主句先行词后有介词时,用which.This the one of which I'm speaking.
2）非限定性定语从句,用which.
3) 描述句中一般用which.Beijing,which was China‘s capital for more than 800years.
4）those +复数名词之后,多用which .Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best.
5）先行词本身是that时.注意 1）there be句型中,指人用who指物用that.2）当主句中缺少主语或表语时,用the one.
2）当出现先行词+介词时,关系词只能用whom或which
编辑本段先行词和关系词 1）Whoever spits in public will be punished here.（“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替）
2）The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. （“what”可以用“all that”代替）
但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句.因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有.将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”.An invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C.
此为非限定性从句,不能用“that”修饰,而用“which”、“it”和“he”都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选“he”句意不通.
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B
英语语法上行不通.
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B
“as”和“which”在引导非限宾语.但不同之处主要有两点：
（1）importance to me, as my own is.
在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质.这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词.值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用“who / whom”.
（2）动词短语先行成分.
这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式.如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词“do”和“as / which”一起代替.“do”可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替.
（3）句子作先行成分.
这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句.有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事.
二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置.
由于先行成分的构成成分”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：
1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容质的which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.
2. 动词词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后.但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊.
3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后.但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定“s”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等.
4. 有无状语意要是方式状语意义,而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义.“as”特殊定四、关系代词“as”与“which”一词.如：
Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.
1). “Which”作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词“be”省略.
2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语.
3). “as”和“which”在特殊从句中作补语.如：
We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.
“as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装.
如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用“which”而不用“as”.如：
He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.
5."as"用法：
1)."as"引导限制性定语从句
a."such.as"
He is not such a fool as he looks.
I have never heard such a story as he tells.
b."the same .as"
This is the same book as I lost last week.
(区分"the same...as"与"the same.that"：两者都引导定语从句.that从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一个.as从句中说明的名词与the same修饰的名词是同一类,而非同一个.举例：①This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢的那一支.②This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支笔一模一样.)
c."as...as"
As many children as came were given some cakes.
2)."as"引导非限制性定语从句
常用句式:as is said above 综上所述
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 通常如此
as is reported in the newspaper 如报纸所报道的
6. “which”在特殊从定法
（1）不用that的情况
（a）在引导非限定性定语从句时.
（错）The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
（b）介词后不能用.
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
（2）只能用“that”作为定语如“last,just”修饰时,只用“that”.
（d）先行词为序数词、数容词,又有物时.
（f）先行词指物,在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”时,“that”可作关系副词,也可省略.
（h）主句的主语是疑问词“who /which”时,避免重复要用“that”．
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的书吗?
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户谁该受罚.
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察.
定语从句只能“that”引导的情况：
1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰.
This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.
2、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰.
The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.
3、先行词是不定代词时,如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something"
This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy.
4.、先行词既有人又有物时
Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
5、先行词被only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”等修饰
He is the only person that l want to talk to.
6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中,为避免重复,常用"that"
Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
7、“there be”句型中
8、先行词在主句中作表语,或者关系代词本身作从句的表语时宜用“that”
“that”在作宾语时可省略.
（五）区分定语从句和同位语从句
1、定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系.
（1）The planeis clear. 同位语从句
2、定语从句由关系代for advice.
（3）The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.
（4）The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.
[定语从句]介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系副词不能省略.
2）“that”前不能有介词.
3）某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词“when”和“where”互换.例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?